The water colour is due to algae which is every where especially after rain.
The sediment is probably from the air and/or rain.
Tap water should be fine for your dog.
Tap water should be boiled for human consumption.
Rooster no one tells it like you.
I live in a city that has about 500 farang and I don't know any of them, and don't want to, for the reasons you have mentioned.